AFFINIMIP® SPE Patulin

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, particularly Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is commonly found in rotting apples, and the amount of patulin in apple products is generally viewed as a measure of the quality of the apples used in production.

Studies have shown that it is genotoxic. Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization, the FDA and the European Union recommend a maximum concentration of 50µg/L in apple juice and 25µk/kg in apple puree. Member countries of the European Union have set maximum allowable levels of patulin at 10μg/kg in apple juice and solid apple products, including apple compote and apple puree, for infants and young children (European Commission Regulation (EC) 1881/2006).

AFFINIMIP® SPE Patulin are selective solid phase extraction cartridges that selectively clean and concentrate the toxin prior to analysis by HPLC.

We sell different kits such as :

• Patulin cartridges : 3 mL/ 6mL
• HPLC column for patulin analysis
• Pectinase solution
• Patuline Standard Solution 

And also a strong support for the implementation of the method, numerous Application Notes, video etc ...

• Ready for use and optimized extraction protocol
• Perfect clean-up system for trace analysis of Patulin
• Enrichment of the analyte
• Applicable to several apple derived matrices
• Removal of main matrix interferent: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)
• Compliant with European Commission Regulation (EC) 1881/2006
• An easy and cost- effective method with HIGH productivity in comparison with Liquid – Liquid Extraction  - HERE IS THE COMPARISON

Our Booklet AFFINIMIP^®SPE Patulin collects main useful information about :

• Regulations concerning Patulin
• AFFINIMIP®SPE Patulin description
• Proficiency testing obtained with this product
• Product added-value vs alternative methods
• Application notes
• Relative products (standard solution...)

Main available formats

Specific formats for automates

AFFINIMIP^®SPE Patulin can be used with automates with the appropriate reference.

Boxes of 25 or 50 cartridges are supplied with a certificate of analysis and instructions for use describing the protocol to carry out the analysis.

Other formats can be supplied on demand

Application notes

All application notes are gathered in the Booklet AFFINIMIP^®SPE Patulin

LC-MS/MS detection New!

Combination of AFFINIMIP^® SPE PATULIN clean-up with LC-MS/MS detection strongly shorten Patulin analysis with excellent recoveries and repeatability!

Pear & apple puree as well as apple juice protocols were developed.

Learn more : 

Application note AFFINIMIP® SPE PATULIN - Pear & Apple Puree - LC-MS/MS

Application note AFFINIMIP® SPE PATULIN - Apple Juice - LC-MS/MS

Apple juice & apple puree -  UV detection

Dried apple with AFFINIMIP^®SPE Patulin 6mL-200mg -  UV detection

dried apple dices spiked with Patulin at 10µg/kg and 20 µg/kg were tested on a HPLC system after sample cleanup with AFFINIMIP^®SPE Patulin 200mg cartridges. Clean extracts and recoveries above 90% were obtained.

Application note AFFINIMIP^®SPE Patulin in dried apple

Thick juices and fruit juice concentrates with AFFINIMIP^®SPE Patulin 6mL-200mg -  UV detection

Patulin could be analyzed on thick juices and fruit juice concentrates with recovery yields higher than 80% after a pectinase treatment and an efficient and fast clean-up with AFFINIMIP^®SPE Patulin.

Application note AFFINIMIP® SPE Patulin in Thick juices and fruit juice concentrate

Posters and Publications

- In this article, National R&D institute for Food Bioresources of Bucharest has studied the thermal degradation of Patulin during the process to obtain apple puree and nectar. The determination of patulin was carried out by a clean-up with AFFINIMIP SPE Patulin - 6mL based on sample preparation describes on AFFINISEP application notebook or Patulin booklet for respectively whole apple and Apple puree/Nectar. Repeatability (<10%), recovery yields and limit of detection (<1.4µg/kg) and quantification (<4.6µg/kg) were determined for each matrice.

Assessment of the Thermal Stability of Patulin in Apple Puree and of Possibilities for Reduction of Patulin Contamination Level Through Apple Processing, M. Catana, L. Catana, E. Iorga, A. Culetu, V. Ionescu, N. Belc, Revista de Chimie, 69 (4), 809 - 814, 2018 (FREE ACCESS)

- Italian researchers from the University of Udine have developed a method for the analysis of patulin from apple juice, puree and jam samples with an extraction with AFFINIMIP^®SPE PATULIN prior to UPLC-UV analysis. With high recoveries (>77%), the method was validated and found to be linear in the range 2-100 μg kg−1 with correlation coefficients greater than 0.965 and repeatability relative standard deviation below 11% in all cases. Compared with QuEChERS method and C18, AFFINIMIP^®SPE PATULIN showed higher recoveries and selectivity for patulin.

Selective solid-phase extraction using a molecularly imprinted polymer for the analysis of patulin in apple-based foods, Lucci, P., Moret, S., Bettin, S. and Conte, L., J. Sep. Science., 40 (2), 458-465, 2017. doi:10.1002/jssc.201601009

- An analytical method was developed and validated for determination of patulin in apple puree by HPLC with a clean-up with AFFINIMIP^®SPE PATULIN cartridges. The recovery in the range of 5 μg/kg-80 μg/kg was 81.47%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.36 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 4.55 μg/kg.

Assessment of Patulin Content in Apple Puree and Apple and Fruit Puree by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, M. Catana, L. Catana, E. Iorga, M. Negoita, V. Ionescu, N. Belc, D. Efstatiade, H. Y. Aboul-Enein, J. Envir. Sci. Eng. A 5, 371-381, 2016. doi:10.17265/2162-5298/2016.07.005 (FREE ACCESS)

- Analysis of Patulin in apple juice using the Chromaster HPLC System with PDA detector, Application note C-12125 of March 2014 developed by VWR and published in the Chromjournal of March 2015.

- Automated analysis of Patulin in Apple juice

Automatisierte Anwendung von Affinimip -SPE-Säulen bein der Bestimmung von Patulin in Apfelsaft, Maria Barricelli, Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau : DLR ; Analytik, Forschung, Prozesse, Recht Vol. 110, No. 7 (2014), p. 310-315 (In german)

The translation of the title is 'Automated application of Affinimip -SPE columns for the determination of patulin in apple juice'.

At the Berlin Brandebourg State Laboratory (LLBB), Mrs Maria Barricelli implemented and validated an automated method for Patulin analysis in apple juice using AFFINIMIP®SPE Patulin in combination with an ASPEC automate to replace their time consuming Liquid Liquid Extraction process. The method was confirmed with certified materials (Apple Juice FAPAS T1650QC, DLA 17/2012) and is now routinely used in the laboratory.

- Modelling of patulin photo-degradation by a UV multi-wavelength emitting lamp, R. Ibarz, A. Garvín, V. Falguera, J. Pagán, S. Garza, A. Ibarz, Food Research International 66 (2014) 158-166

- Breakthrough innovation in rapid detection kits using MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS SPE for an early quantification of PATULIN from apple-based food matrices, D. Derrien, C. Pérollier, O. Lépine, K. Naraghi, S. Bayoudh, poster at 7th World Mycotoxin Forum, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, November 5-9, 2012.

- Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Solid Phase Extraction of Patulin mycotoxin, D. Derrien, M. Mulet, F. Alix, C. Pérollier, O. Lépine, K. Naraghi, S. Bayoudh, 33rd Mycotoxin Workshop, Freising, Germany, 30 May - 1 June 2011

For other AFFINIMIP® SPE Cartridges please click here